Madras Fisheries Bureau. Bulletin No. 13. Administration Report for the year 1919-20. Remarks on Canning and Manufacture of Fish Oil and Guano

Next came the - - method of allowing the fish to putrefy in casks when the oil cells disintegrated and the oil came to the surface ; the process was disgusting and the oil not less so ; the putrefied residue was used as manure. [...] 3 (1921) MANUFACTURE OF FISH OIL AND GUANO 155 cookers are placed on the ground floor, and the presses in the upper story ; from the presses the oil, water, and scrap fall again to the ground floor where the plant is located for separating the oil and water and for drying the scrap. [...] The spiral setting of the shelves coupled with the fact that the cylinder is set a few inches higher at the hopper end than at the discharge end and aided by the action of the hot gas currents, gradually works the scrap from the hopper to the exit. [...] The rapidity with which fish are caught by the newer classes of boats and nets, and brought to the factory, and the speed with which the fish are cooked, pressed, and the oil separated from the fish and dirty water, mainly account for these improvements, while the general introduction of steam for all purposes,,prevents all the discolouration and odour due to scorched fish or oil. [...] (3) The re-boiling of the oil for sterilising purposes is very defective and scorches still more of the oil ; it is often performed in vertical cylindrical pans, heated by an open wood fire the flames of which play around the bottom and sides of the pan; it is obvious that the oil in immediate contact with the sides is very apt to be badly 59.