Modern Review November 1909

Division of Labour was the watchword of Adam Smith and is an article of faith with his disciples who regard specialisation as the main factor in industrial efficiency though it has the effect of reducing the workman to a mere appenage of a machine to the eighteenth part of a pin." Opposed to this theory Kropotkin places his theory of the Integration of Labour. [...] Of these advantages the first is being more and more eliminated every year by the progress achieved in the transmission of motive power and in the perfection of 'hand-motors moved by water gas or electricity ; the second exists to the necesarV exert in small industries as well ; but the third i the most considerable and its want is the greatest drawback in the way of the small producers a [...] In Switzerland the small industries display great activity and this has been fotered by three different sets of measures; (I; the extension of co-operation in the village communes (2) a wide extension of technical education in the schools and the introduc tion of new branches of semi-artistic production in different parts of the country (3) the supply of cheap motive power srPnOCiltESS OF IND [...] In their letter to the tiov(rnor-General it Council of Bengal dated 3rd June 1814 the the Court of Directors wrote : -- The Clause presents Iwo distinct propositions for consideration ; lust the entouragement or the learned natives of India and the 1e nab and improvement of literature ; secondly the promotion or a knowledge of the sciences amongst the inhabitants of that country "Neither of t [...] Goverment then came forward and placed an annual sum of 44 00s) rupees at the disposal of the Directors of Education in support of the Elphinstone Professoships and for the use of the institutions at the Presidency.