The Calcutta Review an Illustrated Monthly (Third Series) March 1933

the complex Aucaiional problems304 THE CALCUTTA REVIEW IMAR of the day such as—the adjustment of the needs of Primary Secondary and University education; the conflicting claims of literary and vocational education ; the cordination of various courses of study ; the removal of the evils of the examination system; the building up of corporate life in our colleges; Stataid and Government cont [...] In regard to the flickering rays of the sun when there arises the cognition of water there is no error in the object : it is not that the rays are not rays nor that the flickering is not flickering; the error lies in the cognition : as it is the cognition which instead of appearing as the congnition of Alia flickering rays appears as the cognition of water as the cognition of a thing as somet [...] As the nine-.teenth century rolled on the new political factors brought in their train the competition of a more highly developed form of industry from England : the increase of manufactures in Britain under the magic influence of steam the rapidity of turnover and the comparative cheapness of madhine-made goods gave a severe shock to the native craft and iftsluptries.1 The shock was reinforced [...] It is more to the point to argue that the weakening of the powers of these bodies removed a very important force that regulated trade maintained the quality of the materials produced and zenerally 1)1.°n-toted the team spirit amonLt the craftsmen and artisans concerned) The actual decline of India's industries was due to quitedifferent factors : the decline of the guilds and similar bodies owin [...] He also became the unfortunate victim of oppression by debtors ; and so the decline of handicrafts and arts and the consequent poverty of the people compelled him to resort to more and more exacting terms for loans and advances.' The result was that the banker of the old days had of necessity to degenerate into the role of an exacting monelender : the general poverty of the artisans and craf