The Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society December 1938

The meditative and detached Dhyani Buddhas represented the prajfiiina-ghana or adhyatma aspect the active Bodhisattvas the priktic or adhidaiva aspect and the mortal Buddhas the adhibhautic or incarnate aspect of the Absolute. [...] We do not find the mention of the five Dhyani Buddhas in the literature of the Mahayana Buddhists prior to the time of Indra Bhuti (cir. [...] It may be because Avalokitevara presides over the present aeon the Bhadra-kalpa and Maitreya is to incarnate as the future Buddha in the next kalpa that the worship of these two besides Gautama the Buddha of the present age was more popular than others. [...] The abhayamudrci of the right hand of the Dhyani Buddha however lends additional confirmation to the identification and according to the table given before the Dhyani. [...] The occupation of two such important provinces should not have made the deliverance of the rest of the country from the Afghans difficult.