History of the Muslim World

The standard of Islam was raised in Arabia in the early years of the eighth century; and yet within the brief period of a century and a half the glory of Islam spread from one end of the world to the other. [...] In the second I have given an account of the various Islamic kingdoms of the world as for instance the rise and fall of the Sasanids 'Samanids Ghaznevids and the other dynasties of Persia of the Fatimid and Mameluke dynaties of Egypt the establisktrieet of the Ottoman empire in Turkey and the establishment of the Pathan and Moghul dynasties in India. [...] 196 The Second Crusade 198 The Third Crusade 200 The Fourth Crusade 203 The Fifth Crusade 204 The Children's Crusade 205 The Sixth Crusade 205 The Seventh Crusade 206 The Eighth Crusade 207 The Ninth Crusade 208 The true Character of the Crusades 210 Results of the Crusades 215 CHAPTER II The Various powers of the World :- The Achmmenian Dynasty 217 The Greek Roman & Parthian k [...] records concerning the creation of the world the occurrence of the Great Flood and of the reign of King Nimrod. [...] Deep knowledge in the Shariyat ( the law and traditions of Islam ) power of judicious decision and stainless character—these were the qualities the possession of which decided the elecion of the Caliph.