The Punjab of To-day an Economic History of the Punjab from the earliest times to the year of grace 1890

The stabilistion of land revenue methods following on the reforms which accompanied the appointment of a Director of Land Records ; the new system of rural economy which grew up with the passing of the Alienation of Land Act and the introduction of Co-operation ; the enrichment of the country by a series of great irrigation schemes all mark the advent of a new era and all date subsequent to [...] It was in prehistoric times the scene of that conflict winch described in the Mahabharata forms the main incident of one of the oldest epics in existence ; while in later days it witnessed the struggles which first gave India to the Muhammadans which in turn transferred the Empire of Hindustan from the Lodi to the Mogul dynasty and from the Moguls to the Mahrattas which shook the power of the [...] The main line of the range the Karakoram lies far to the north-east and the actual boundary of the Punjab is a lower range the Pir Panjal whose snowy crest reaching a height of nearly 15 000 feet is the most conspicuous feature in the winter landscape of the submontane districts of the Province. [...] But here invaders were blocked by the desert and the conquerors of the lower Indus valley were obliged to follow the Indus up to the Punjab before striking eastwar is for the great cities of the plains.3 The To the south of and running parallel with the submontane snowy mountain ridge of the Pir Panjal runs the tract. [...] The Punjab But the real Punjab 2 the land of the five rivers flowing into the Indus 3 lies between the Jhelum on whose banks Alexander defeated the Indian prince Porus and the Sutlej which later formed the south eastern boundary of the kingdom of the great Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh.