History of Police Organisation in India and Indian Village Police Being Select Chapters of the Report of the Indian Police Commission 1902-03

The office of Magistrate was at the same time transferred from the Judge to the Collector and the Collector-Magistrate became the head of the police while the functions of Superintendent were performed for each Division by the Commissioner. [...] the Magitrate had exclusive control over the police; the appointment to every tahsil of a native police officer holding to the mamlatdar (tahsildar) the same relations as those between the Superintendent and the Magistrate; and the transfer of the supreme: control over the police from the court of Fauidari Ad4wNt-.tgi Government. [...] On the subject of the relations between the Magistracy and the police their conclusions were that no magistrate of lower grade thim the District Magistrate should exercise any police fanCtions but that ithe case of the District Magistrate it was( ) inexpedient to deprive the police and the public of his. [...] NVIleti the zamindars lost the control of the police the village watchmen were (by section 13 of Regulation XXII of 1793) declare(' subject to the orders of the newl.y-amminted darogas and I Well me dependent on the regular police though they remained in some respects the private servants of the yeamindars. [...] The system is stated to have failed from the utter inability of the public authorities to secure the co-operation of the people in the administration of the law." This was largely ascribed to " the power of the landholders and their local agents whose reign silently acquiesced in: extends to every house in every village of the country and.whose influence is used in.upport of or in antagon