Petrographic Descriptions of the Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks of the Bhavnagar Territory

Information regarding these rocks is gathered from the publications of the Geological Survey of India particularly the article on the Geology of the Kathiawar Peninsula in Via by Francis Fedden in Volume XXI of the Memoirs of the Geological Survey. [...]. During the Third Marine Period which followed in the wake of the Third Continental Period the northern hemisphere was mostly under the sea but the southern continents remained above the waters of the ocean as is indicated by the absence of a marine facies in the sediments of those ages which mostly consisted of sandstones and shales with fossil lanplants and remains of land animals and fres[...] " The general facies of the fossils as well as the lithological character of the rock they are preserved in suggest the correlation of these beds with the cretaceous of Bagh and their direct superposition on the Wadhwan sandstones corresponds to the relation between the Bagh beds and the Nimar sandstones." The Bagh beds derive their name from the town of Bagh ninety miles west by south of Indor [...] It would seem that land conditions prevailed in India during that period with the exception of a certain zone in the western part of the Peninsula including Kathiawar on the one hand and a part of the Coromandel region on the other and that the land connection extended as far as the present limits of the iland of Madagascar or still further towards the south-east. coast of Africa. [...] The tertiary deposits mostly occur in patches on the margin of trap area the most notable exposures being those in the Bhavnagar territory in the eastern part of the province and in the Baroda territory in the north western extremity of the peninsula.