Punjab District Gazetteers. Karnal District With Maps 1918

In the north of the district in the Thanesar tahail and the Gable sub-tahsil of Kaithal the country to the west of the Banger is traversed by a series of hill torrents of which the most important are the Markanda Umla Sarusti Chautanc and Rakshi. [...] Two main distributaries the Sidkan and the Habri Rabahas irrigate the country between the Sirsa Canal and the drainage line of the Chautang which was formerly the boundary of the territory belonging to the Bhai of Kaithal. [...] The silt deposited by the Markanda is generally of the Raritan& highest quality and is the chief factor in the prosperity of :141114 the tract known as the Markanda Bet' The silt of the Umla is less beneficial but in the upper course of that stream the alluvial soil is fertile enough. [...] After the battle of Sirhind Karnal formed the border land between a crowd of independent Sikh Chieftains on the north and the officers of the Emperor or the adherents of the Mabrattas on the south. [...] The fall of the 31 ahratta power marks the first stage in the gradual absorption of the tract by the spread of British dominion a process completed by the First Sikh War since when the peace of the tract has only been broken by the local disturbances in the Mutiny.