Kamala Lectures. The Rights and Duties of the Indian Citizen

THE LECTURER THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE INDIAN CITIZEN- LECTURE I INTRODUCTORY WHAT IS A CITIZEN '9 ? The subject of this course of lectures has been stated to be " The Rights and Duties of the Indian Citizen. " At the outset therefore, it is well to understand the meanings of the important terms, " Citizen " and " Right. " As in the case of several other expressions in constant popular use, l [...] Mazzini said that the aim of the State should be the development to the highest possible pitch of all the powers and faculties of the citizen. [...] When we speak of subordinating the moral welfare of the citizen, we mean subordinating it to the moral welfare of the community and not to that of the State; when we speak of the highest develop- ment of the community, we deliberatively exclude the State and its members as such from consideration. [...] Not by any means, for while in England, owing to the constant vigilance of the courts and the power of resistance of the individual citizen, the executive are kept well in check, here the weakness of public opinion -and the comparatively restricted sphere in which even our courts work render the executive too free of control. [...] Earl of Crewe exparte Sekgome, where the question was as to the legality of the detention of the chief of a native tribe in the Bechuanaland Protectorate under powers conferred by an Order in Council on the ground"44 KAMALA LECTURES that his detention was necessary for the preservation of peace within the Protectorate, it was held that the detention was lawful and was intra vires of the High Commi