The Criminal Law Journal of India Journal November 1922

The deterrent method of treatment is designed to prevent the recurrence of the criminal act on the part of the criminal and also on the part of other members of society who might feel the impulsion to act as the criminal did. [...] 20 given society reacts adversely to the treament given to the criminal that is the individual feels that the hurtfulness of the treatment is out of all proportion to the act committed so that his indignation is aroused not against the act of the criminal but against the acts of the social guardian the deterrent effect of the treatment never comes into play (11a). [...] For the imaginative partcipation of the one to be deterred in the suffering of the criminal becomes so keen as to arouse the instinct of self-defence P which promptly allies itself with the priminal and against the guardain for the purpose of beating down or circumventing the guardian. [...] The very fact that the criminal is in the custody of the law and that the state finds it necessary to superintend directly the activities of the criminal stamps the criminal as one who is abnormal and the other members of society are restrained to some extent at least from imitating his acts. [...] The efficacy of reformative treatment depends entirely upon the adaptation of the means empl.pyed to the physio-psychological characteristics of the criminal (23).