Panjab Castes (being a Reprint of the Chapter on “The Races Castes and Tribes of the People” in the Report on the Census of the Panjab Published in 1883 by the Late Sir Denzil Ibbetson K.C.S.I.

(BEING A REPRINT or THE CHAPTER ON THE RACES CASTES AND TRIBES THE PEOPLE' IN THE REPORT ON THE PANJAB CENSUS OF 1881.) (The bracketed figures in the margin refer to the pages of the original editior those without brackets to the pages of this reprint.) PART I.—CASTE IN THE PANJAB. [...] The old division into Brahman Kshatriya Vaisya &lira and the Mlechchha or outcast who is below the Sddra is but a division into the priest the warrior the husbandman the artisan and the menial; and the more modern development which substituted trader for husbandman as the meaning of Vaisya or “the people” did not alter the nature of the classificatiön. [...] There is the true caste in the Brahminical sense of the term the Bthhman Rabat Banya and.so forth ; the tribe or race based upon common blood such as the Pathan Biloch Kathia ; there is the colony of foreigners like the Barbi and Kashmiri or of believers in a strange creed like the Bishnoi; there is the true occupational caste such as the Nii the Chamar and the Chirlara ; there is the com [...] On the Indus we have the Saiyad and the Pir the class of Ulama or divines who take the place of the Brahman ; the Pathan or Biloch as the case may be who correspond with the Kshatriya ; the so-called Jat who is emphatically the people or Vaisya in the old sense of the word and includes all the great mass of husbandmen of whatever caste they may be Awans Jats Rajpitts and the like who canno [...] These divisions are generally known by geographical designations such as the Gaur Brahmans of the ancient Gaur and the Sirs& Brahmans of the Saruswati and the Panjab the Uttaradhi Aroras of the north and the Dakhani Aroras of the south theCASTE IN THE PANJAB.