The Hindu Calendar

Later even when astronomers knew of the inequality for ease of calculation they conceived an imaginary body called the mean sun (Madbyami Ravi) travelling with the mein m )tion of the sun along the ecliptic and starting from the apogee at the same moment as the true sun (Spashta Ravi ) Hindu astronomers hold that the mean sun was at the first point of Mesha at the beginning of the Kalyuga on Fr [...] The period from conjunction upto the time the moon is 12° in advance of the sun is called the first Tithi that from the time it is 12° to the time it is 24° in advance the second Tithi and so on for each interval of 12° upto the end of the 15th Tithi when the moon is 130° in advance of the sun and full. [...] The rest of the columns give the Gujarati and Hindi names of the months ; the Bengali and Tamil have been given above (Para 14); the Marathi are the same as the Sanskrit. [...] The Sukla Pakha is identical in both schemes and bears the same name but in the Piirnimanta scheme the Krishna Paksha bears the same name as the succeeding Sukla where as in the Amanta it bears the same name as the preceding Sukla. [...] The dark fortnight preceding the Adhika month is called the dark fornight of the Nija month of the same name and the bright fortnight following the Adhika is called the bright one of the Nija.